维多利亚代写Essay:研究传播遗传学

2019-01-15 02:03

在第1讲中，我们使用了威斯康辛快速植物Brassica rapa的植物遗传学来研究传播遗传学。油菜是一种典型的生物，因此被广泛应用。生物模型具有生命周期特征,使得他们特别适合传播基因研究中,“包括一代时间短、数量可控的后代,适应实验室环境中能够安置和廉价地传播(皮尔斯6)”。芸苔属植物拉伯拥有所有必要的质量为我们的实验是一个特别好的候选人。芸苔属植物在大约34天内就能结籽(劳弗，18)。相对较短的生命周期和其他模式生物的特点，使油菜相对容易管理的教室设置。然而，在使用芸苔属植物时有一些挫折，包括孤雌生殖，即在没有雄性亲本提供花粉的情况下产生了可育种子。这可能是分析后代时的一个问题，因为后代的特征与雌性父母相同。但油菜的生命周期短，子代易于管理，对实验室条件的适应性强，是研究传播遗传学的良好模式生物。摘要通过对油菜表型的研究，确定油菜的基因型，探讨了油菜遗传的基本原理。孟德尔对豌豆的观察表明，豌豆的表型可以用来预测豌豆的基因型。孟德尔只用绝对特征来检验感兴趣的植物，如颜色、大小和形状，而不是数量特征。这使得基因型的测定直观、一致、客观。然而，基因型并不仅仅决定植物的表型。一个给定的表型来自于一个在特定环境中发展的基因型(Pierce, 46)。“基因型决定了发育的界限，但表型如何发育也由其他基因和环境因素决定。”
维多利亚代写Essay:研究传播遗传学
In Module 1, we used plant genetics of the Wisconsin Fast Plants, Brassica rapa to study transmission genetics. Brassica rapa was used since it is a model organism. A model organism possesses life cycles and characteristics that make them exceptionally suitable for transmission genetic study, “including a short generation time, manageable numbers of progeny, adaptability to a laboratory environment, and the ability to be housed and propagated inexpensively (Pierce, 6).” Brassica rapa possesses all of the necessary qualities to be a particularly good candidate for our experiment. Brassica rapa yields seeds from the moment it is a seed in about 34 days (Lauffer, 18). The relatively short life cycle and other model organism traits make Brassica rapa relatively easy to manage in a classroom setting. However, there are setbacks in using Brassica rapa, including parthenogenesis where there is a production of viable seeds without a male parent to contribute pollen. This serves as a possible problem in analyzing the offspring because the progeny will have characteristics identical to the female parent. However, with a short life cycle, manageable progeny, and adaptability to laboratory conditions, Brassica rapa serves as a good model organism to study transmission genetics.By examining the phenotypes of Brassica rapa to determine the possible genotypes of the plants, Gregor Mendel’s basic principles of heredity of transmission of genetics from parent to offspring are being studied. Mendel’s observations in his experiments involving pea plants revealed that the phenotypes of the plants may be used to predict the geneotypes of the plants. Mendel only used absolute characteristics in examining the plants of interest such as color, size and shape instead of quantitative characteristics. This makes the determination of the genotype straightforward, consistent and objective. However, the genotype does not solely determine the phenotype of the plant. “A given phenotype arises from a genotype that develops within particular environment (Pierce, 46).” The genotype determines the boundaries for development but how the phenotype develops is also determined by other genes and environmental factors.